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The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to China: The People's Republic of China is the most extensive country in East Asia and the third or fourth most extensive country in the world.〔Area rank is disputed with the United States and is either ranked third or fourth. See List of countries and outlying territories by area for more information.〕 With a population of over 1,300,000,000, it is the most populous country in the world. The Communist Party of China (CPC) has led the PRC under a single-party system since the state's establishment in 1949. The PRC is involved in a dispute over the political status of Taiwan. The CPC's rival during the Chinese Civil War, the Kuomintang (KMT), fled to Taiwan and surrounding islands after its defeat in 1949, claiming legitimacy over China, Mongolia, and Tuva while it was the ruling power of the Republic of China (ROC). The term "Mainland China" is often used to denote the areas under PRC rule, but sometimes excludes its two Special Administrative Regions: Hong Kong and Macau. Because of its vast population, rapidly growing economy, and large research and development investments, China is considered an "emerging superpower". It has the world's second largest economy (second largest in terms of purchasing power parity.) China is also a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.〔(China Passes U.S. In Trade With Japan )〕〔(Trade Policy Outlook for Second-term Bush Administration )〕〔(China - Taiwan Economic Ties )〕〔(Beijing's Growing Politico-Economic Leverage Over Ulaanbaatar )〕 Since 1978, China's market-based economic reforms have brought the poverty rate down from 53% in 1981 to 8% by 2001.〔(Fighting Poverty: Findings and Lessons from China’s Success ) (World Bank). Retrieved August 10, 2006.〕 However, China is now faced with a number of other socioeconomic problems, including an aging population, an increasing rural-urban income gap, and rapid environmental degradation. China plays a major role in international trade. The country is the world's largest consumer of steel and concrete, using, respectively, a third and over a half of the world's supply of each.〔(Center for International Trade in Forest Products ) China’s Building Boom. Retrieved December 2, 2006,〕 Counting all products, China is the largest exporter and the second largest importer in the world.〔The World Factbook, (Rank Order - Imports ).〕〔(WTO: China Daily )〕 ==General reference== * Pronunciation: * * * Common English country name: China * Official English country name: The People's Republic of China * Common endonym: 中国 (Zhōngguó) (The Middle Kingdom or Central Realm) * Official endonym: 中华人民共和国 (Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó) * Adjectivals: China, Chinese * Demonym: Chinese * Etymology: Name of China * International rankings of the People's Republic of China * ISO country codes: CN, CHN, 156 * ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:CN * Internet country code top-level domain: .cn 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Outline of China」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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